A visit was made by A/P Ting Seng Kiong, A/P Li Bing and Dr Lim Chee Leong from LIFE to Yogyakarta, Indonesia. At Yogyakarta, a meeting was organized which involved Sampoerna Foundation (SF) and LIFE. The purpose of meeting Sampoerna Foundation (SF) was to discuss the role that LIFE can play in SF's school rehabilitation program called the United Schools Program.
Sampoerna Foundation (SF) brought LIFE to various sites in Yogyakarta , which were damaged by an earthquake event (Mw = 6.3) of May 26, 2006.
Location:
Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembanguana (serves as the municipal branch for accounting and auditing) Fig 1 & 2
SMU Negeri Pundung School in Yogyakarta Fig 3
Reconnaissance of Damaged Buildings in Yogyakarta
The Java earthquake occurred at a depth of about 10 km and its epicenter was about 20 km south southwest of Yogyakarta. The epicenter was located at 7.962 °S, 110.458 °E. Within that region, the Australian plate subducts beneath the Sunda plate at a velocity of about 60 mm/s. The epicenter was located on the overriding Sunda plate (source: United States Geological Survey, www.usgs.org).
Within the Bantul-Yogyakarta area, about 5,800 people were killed, 38,600 were injured and many others were displaced. With about 127,000 houses destroyed, the total economic loss has been estimated at about US$ 3 billion. On the Modified Mercalli Intesity (MMI), Yogyakarta felt a response of about VIII, which is the intensity representing a 'destructive' earthquake event. For an earthquake event, an MMI of VIII is associated the following: (a) great damage in poorly built structures; (b) considerable damage in ordinary buildings with partial collapse; and (c) slight damage in specially designed structures.
Site of SMA2 Bantul School
Discussions between the LIFE team and Sampoerna Foundation design and contract engineers
It was discovered that the design of low-rise buildings in Yogyakarta is part of a traditional form of construction. Most low-rise buildings have a RC frame system, whereby masonry infill walls are used.
From the survey of the buildings damaged by the earthquake, it was observed that the common causes are
- Wide spacing of the transverse reinforcement.
- Lapping of longitudinal reinforcement near the member ends.
- Lack of reinforcement in beam-column joint.
Having inspected the engineering drawings and inspected the construction methodology, a reinforcement detailing scheme for seismic loads was proposed by the LIFE team. This scheme does not require extensive removal or alterations to the existing constructed components.
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